lunedì 23 aprile 2018

Visualizzazione della VCI dialisi


Studio australiano che ha verificato se un'infermiere/a è affidabile per misurare lo stato volemico intravascolare di un paziente emodializzato
attraverso l'uso della visualizzazione della VCI, da notare la serietà di oltreoceano dove l'operatore doveva aver eseguito precedentemente allo studio almeno 100 ecografie.

 2018 Apr;22(2):261-269. doi: 10.1111/hdi.12606. Epub 2017 Oct 11.

Can a renal nurse assess fluid status using ultrasound on the inferior vena cava? A cross-sectional interrater study.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:

Ultrasound of the inferior vena cava (IVC-US) has been used to estimate intravascular volume status and fluid removal during a hemodialysis session. Usually, renal nurses rely on other, imprecise methods to determine ultrafiltration. To date, no study has examined whether renal nurses can reliably perform ultrasound for volume assessment and for potential prevention of intradialytic hypotension. This pilot study aimed to determine if a renal nurse could master the skill of performing and correctly interpreting Point of Care Ultrasound on patients receiving hemodialysis.

METHODS:

After receiving theoretical training and performing 100 training scans, a renal nurse performed 60 ultrasound scans on 10 patients. These were categorized by the nurse into hypovolemic, euvolemic, or hypervolemic through measurement of the maximal diameter and degree of collapse of the IVC. Scans were subsequently assessed for adequacy and quality by two sonologists, who were blinded to each other's and the nurse's results.

FINDINGS:

The interrater reliability of 60 scans was good, with intraclass correlation 0.79 (95% confidence interval (CI) =0.63-0.87) and with a good interrater agreement for the following estimation of intravascular volume (Cohen's weighted Kappa κw  = 0.62), when comparing the nurse to an expert sonographer.

DISCUSSION:

A renal nurse can reliably perform ultrasound of the IVC in hemodialysis patients, obtaining high quality scans for volume assessment of hemodialysis patients. This novel approach could be more routinely applied by other renal nurses to obtain objective measures of patient volume status in the dialysis setting.

KEYWORDS:

Hemodialysis; inferior vena cava; intravascular volume status; point of care ultrasound; renal nurses
PMID:
 
29024379
 
DOI:
 
10.1111/hdi.12606

Utilizzo terapeutico degli U.S.

 2014;17(1):136-53.

High intensity focused ultrasound technology, its scope 

and applications in therapy and drug delivery.

Abstract

Ultrasonography is a safe, inexpensive and wide-spread diagnostic tool capable of 
producing real-time non-invasive images without significant biological effects. 
However, the propagation of higher energy, intensity and frequency ultrasound 
waves through living tissues can induce thermal, mechanical and chemical 
effects useful for a variety of therapeutic applications. With the recent development 
of clinically approved High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) systems,
 therapeutic ultrasound is now a medical reality. Indeed, HIFU has been 
used for the thermal ablation of pathological lesions; localized, minimally 
invasive ultrasound-mediated drug delivery through the transient formation 
of pores on cell membranes; the temporary disruption of skin and the blood 
brain barrier; the ultrasound induced break-down of blood clots; and the 
targeted release of drugs using ultrasound and temperature sensitive 
drug carriers. This review seeks to engage the pharmaceutical research 
ùcommunity by providing an overview on the biological effects of 
ultrasound as well as highlighting important therapeutic applications, current 
deficiencies and future directions.